Crafsman style floor lamp build #8: Make some cuts

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I decided to use walnut for this set of shades. I recently scored some narrow, but otherwise nice rift sawn boards with consistent color.
When making items like this I like to get all the pieces from the same board so the grain/color will match up. Anyway, this wood made that easy to do. Other wood types can be far less friendly…

Just as with making grain wrap around a box, I try to mark and cut so the spokes are matching when rejoined.

Prepare the stock


Based on the drawing, I needed 16 sides (stiles), 8 bottoms, and 8 tops (rails). I milled up enough walnut stock for two shades plus an extra piece of each part in case of defects or errors in cutting on my part. This is important as I don't want to halt progress to create a replacement part as this would require changing various tool setups, etc.

I cut the stock in longer lengths to optimize the board usage and make it easier to size everything later. I left the outer dimensions a bit large and allowed everything to climatize for a week to the shop/ Fortunately the wood was very stable and nothing warped or bent. If the parts are not perfectly straight, care must be taken to clamp the parts flush to the miter gauge as cuts are made.

These pieces were sized on my drum sander and further gang-sanded to 220 grit with my ROS. Doing this now avoids having to sand near the joints later and deal with cross grain scratches.

I liked the lamp shade "spokes" being raised slightly (1/8") and extending about 1/4" beyond the shades lower rim. This also means if a the joints are not perfectly flush, it will never show from the outside (win-win).

The added shadow lines also add visual interest.



All parts are 3/4" wide with the spokes being 3/4" thick and the top/bottom rails cut to 5/8" thick. The parts are also cut about 1" or so over final length.
At this point I have 32 pieces for the lamp shade frames and one spare (4 pieces) for each component.

The miter gauge fences

These are actually the first jigs I made for this project. Everyone knows that when you want parts like these to be cut to the same length, you set up a stop block on the miter gauge. It is also a good idea to clamp each part to the gauge if the angle is not 90 degrees since the action of cutting can cause the part to slide away from the stop.

I combined the two actions here with my miter gauge "sacrificial" fences.



There are two fences since I need to make cuts with the miter gauge on both sides of the blade depending on if the part is a right or left.

To make these fences I used some 1/2" thick scrap oak and drilled a number of holes for securing to the miter gauge. My Incra gauge has slots so the fence can be slid around before locking down. One could also clamp the fence to the miter gauge in a pinch if needed.

Since the desired angle of the shades lower corners is 50 degrees, I set my miter to 40 degrees (90 deg. - 50 deg.)
As show in the magazine plans, the lamp shade frames are assembled with half-lap joints.

The secret to holding the parts in position is to add a key that will fit into the previously cut dados. This works just like a box joint jig except it is all at an angle.

I set up a dado stack to cut a notch sized exactly to the width (3/4") of my parts. For the keys, I actually use a portion of the spares I made when preparing all the parts and I make plenty of test cuts to make sure my dado setup cuts the proper width. Not too tight and not too loose!
When I'm sure the cut is properly dimensioned, I cut the key slot toward the end of each fence and glue the key in place. Note that the fences are mirror images of each other.

These fence jigs are now ready for use on these shades and any others I want to make in the future (with the same corner angle).

Cut the lap joints

Keep things organized at this point. The half laps are in different directions depending on if the part is a "left" or "right" and on opposite sides if the part is a rail or stile. If you have spent time organizing your parts so they blend together at the final glue-up, you really should draw lines on each part showing where and which direction the dados are cut!

Note that the "left" stiles have both their dados cut with the miter jig set on the same side of the saw blade and the "right" stiles cut on the other side. The rails have one dado cut on the left side of the blade and the other dado cut on the right.

Set the cut depth of the dado stack (using test pieces) such that when assembled they fit flush. A great flush fit now means less sanding later.

Step 1 is to cut an initial dado close to one end of each part. This is done with and ordinary fence as the key is not yet needed. Use a stop block and use a clamp. Leave about 1/4" of excess past the dado (so it's a full dado instead of a rabbet) and don't forget to allow for the extra overhang at the bottom of the stiles.


With each part having an initial dado cut, the dado should fit snugly over the key on the fence jig. Carefully measure the distance between the dado on the key and the blade tooth and adjust the fence position until the measurement agrees with the plan.

Lock down the fence.


This picture shows a right side stile being cut. Both dado cuts are parallel. According to the plan, the distance between the inside edges of the two cuts is 8-15/32". You could just make the cut at 8-1/2" and compensate for the difference later.

This next picture shows the bottom rail being cut. Note that each dado is angled opposite. This is where marking each piece will help prevent confusion and messed up cuts 8^).

The dimension from the outer edges of the dado cuts is 17".
Do not cut the top rail at this time!



I hope you understand the process here. If you plan out correctly and cut the initial dados at the correct angles and on the correct ends, you can get half the cuts done before swapping the gauge to the other side of the blade. If not, no big deal, you just end up moving the miter gauge side to side a bit more.

Think before you cut to make sure you have the proper dado arrangement!

By leaving a full dado at the end of each piece, all the joints lock together and make gluing a breeze! This also makes each frame identical for a perfect final product.

With the two stiles and bottom rail dadoed, do a dry fit. I just laid the un-dadoed top rail into position.



You can see the angle is perfect!

Even so, placing a rule into the top dados shows that the dado spacing is a tad wider than the plans called for.
You can't really tell in this picture but it is almost 1/16" wider.


No problem! just cut the top rail with the required dado spacing


This is where any errors in setup prior to this point are compensated for.


Dado cutting is complete! Dry fit but do not glue yet!





See all the excess material sticking past the edges of these panels? That will be dealt with later.

When I made my first shade, I spent a great deal of time setting up for the miter cuts and clamping. With these two fence jigs I was done with the cuts in about an hour 8^)



Splint,
The complexity of this process is way beyond my pay grade, requires more intelligent engineering than I am capable of.
I noticed in your process description that you are thinking one or two steps ahead to make this a lot easier and nicer, like when you leave some parts longer than needed to allow adjustment later, and like the final sanding prior assembly to avoid cross grain scratches. Good thinking.
Thanks Tom!

I've made maybe 12 of these shades and it gets easier each time. The first one was just a top and bottom square, joined by angled corners.
I didn't really like the shape so much then I read the article and saw the plans. After a few of those, I figured out about some dress-up that came with the cuts, easy to add, no real extra work.
With the jigs, cutting really sped up and I figured out ways to push the inevitable errors out to the end where I can do some cut-fit-recut type work to get it all done.